Portugal

INDICATORS

  • Outcomes

    • To what extent are rural communities shrinking


      % of population living in rural areas       Read more

      37%

  • People’s Sovereignty over natural resources

    • Are there Intellectual Property Rights on seeds?

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      All species including wild ones can’t be privatized

    • Laws protecting industrial seeds

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      • Farmers can be fined for infringement
      • Privatized varieties can be used to breed new varieties

    • Pesticide use by volume and by expenditure

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      • Fungicides and Bactericides: 7202
      • Herbicides: 1611
      • Insecticides: 312

      Starting from 1992, there has been a steady increase in the usage of fungicides. However there has been a decline in the usage since mid to late 2000s. Herbicide and Insecticide use has been stabilized.

       

  • Political Participation for the Right to Food

    Participation is one of the fundamental human rights principles, requiring that everyone has the right to participate in making decisions that affect them. In order to ensure that those most affected by violations to the right to food and nutrition participate in political processes, it is essential to have the legal and policy infrastructure within national frameworks, as well as the participatory spaces that give meaningful space for participation.

    • Legal Recognition of the Right to Food and Nutrition


      Is Right to Food recognized in the legal system       Read more

      There is an implicit mention of the protection of the right to food

      Article 59 “1. Regardless of age, sex, race, citizenship, place of origin, religion and political and ideological convictions, every worker has the right: 
      a) To the remuneration of his work in accordance with its volume, nature and quality, with respect for the principle of equal pay for equal work and in such a way as to guarantee a proper living; 
      e) To material assistance when he involuntarily finds himself in a situation of unemployment;” 

      Article 64 “2. The right to the protection of health shall be fulfilled: 
      b) By creating economic, social, cultural and environmental conditions that particularly guarantee the protection of childhood, youth and old age; by systematically improving living and working conditions, and promoting physical fitness and sport at school and among the people; and also by developing the people’s health and hygiene education and healthy living practices.”

      Directive principles of state policy

      Article 9: 
      “d) To promote the people’s well-being and quality of life and real equality between the Portuguese, as well as the effective implementation of economic, social, cultural and environmental rights by means of the transformation and modernisation of economic and social structures;” 

      Article 81: “In the economic and social field the state is under a priority duty: 
      a) Within the overall framework of a sustainable development strategy, to promote an increase in people’s social and economic well-being and quality of life, especially those of the most disadvantaged persons;”

      National status of International obligations

      Article 8.1: “The norms and principles of general or common international law form an integral part of Portuguese law.”

      Article 16: 
      “1. The fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution shall not exclude any others set out in applicable international laws and legal rules. 
      2. The constitutional precepts concerning fundamental rights must be interpreted and completed in harmony with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”

    • National Food Security Policy


      Is there a national food security policy with implementation/action?       Read more