UNA PLATAFORMA PARA UNIR LAS LUCHAS POR TODOS LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS

• Anti-discrimination laws at national level

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  Anti- discrimination law in Switzerland 2013

  • Based on the Swiss constitution
  • Protects groups with special needs:
    • Women
    • Disabilities
    • Migrants
    • Country of origin
    • Race
    • Gender
    • Age
    • Language
    • Social position
    • Way of living
    • Religion, ideology, political convictions
    • Mental health

   

  See also:

  Federal Constitution 1999 (amended in 2013)

  Criminal code 1937

  Criminal code 2012

• To what extent are rural communities shrinking

  
  % of population living in rural areas Read more
  26%

• Are there Intellectual Property Rights on seeds?

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  Privatized varieties may be used to breed new ones.
• Laws protecting industrial seeds

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  Privatised seeds:

  • Can harvest and sow them with restrictions
  • Can’t harvest and exchange them as a gift
  • Can’t harvest and sell them
  • Upon suspected infringement seeds and harvest can be seized, fined and jailed
• Pesticide use by volume and by expenditure

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  • Fungicides and Bactericides: 975.96
  • Herbicides: 748.92
  • Insecticides: 92.66
  • There was a decline in production of F&B,+H around 1995. However, since 2006 there has been an increase in the use of fungicides and herbicides.

   

Participation is one of the fundamental human rights principles, requiring that everyone has the right to participate in making decisions that affect them. In order to ensure that those most affected by violations to the right to food and nutrition participate in political processes, it is essential to have the legal and policy infrastructure within national frameworks, as well as the participatory spaces that give meaningful space for participation.

• Legal Recognition of the Right to Food and Nutrition

  
  Is Right to Food recognized in the legal system Read more

  Constitutional Recognition of the Right to Adequate Food

  Implicit protection of the right to adequate food

  Article 41 :
  « 1. La Confédération et les cantons s’engagent, en complément de la responsabilité individuelle et de l’initiative privée, à ce que:
  a. toute personne bénéficie de la sécurité sociale;
  d. toute personne capable de travailler puisse assurer son entretien par un travail qu’elle exerce dans des conditions équitables;
  2. La Confédération et les cantons s’engagent à ce que toute personne soit assurée contre les conséquences économiques de l’âge, de l’invalidité, de la maladie, de l’accident, du chômage, de la maternité, de la condition d’orphelin et du veuvage. »

  Directive Principles of state policy

  Article 5.4 : « La Confédération et les cantons respectent le droit international. »

  Article 104 :
  « 1. La Confédération veille à ce que l’agriculture, par une production répondant à la fois aux exigences du développement durable et à celles du marché, contribue substantiellement:
  a. à la sécurité de l’approvisionnement de la population. »

  Article 112 :

  « 1. La Confédération légifère sur l’assurance-vieillesse, survivants et invalidité.
  2. Ce faisant, elle respecte les principes suivants:
  b. les rentes doivent couvrir les besoins vitaux de manière appropriée. »

  Article 112a.1 : « La Confédération et les cantons versent des prestations complémentaires si l’assurance-vieillesse, survivants et invalidité ne couvre pas les besoins vitaux. »

  Article 113 :

  « 1. La Confédération légifère sur la prévoyance professionnelle.
  2. Ce faisant, elle respecte les principes suivants:
  a. la prévoyance professionnelle conjuguée avec l’assurance-vieillesse, survivants et invalidité permet à l’assuré de maintenir de manière appropriée son niveau de vie antérieur. »

  Food Sovereignty as a concept added to the Swiss Agricultural Law in 2013 [1] 

   

  [1] http://www.nccr-trade.org/fileadmin/user_upload/nccr-trade.ch/wp5/NCCR_w...
• National Food Security Policy

  
  Is there a national food security policy with implementation/action? Read more

  Support of smallholder farmers in the name of adequate food as a human right but focus on global scale and not necessarily national

  Article 104 stipulates that they have three multifunctional objectives:

  • Contributions to food security
  • Sustainable and market oriented production/ landscape management
  • Decentralised settlement
  • [Comments: Nature, multiple policy objectives and the lack of competition reduce productivity and thus swiss food security and they increase consumer prices, food security is not attainable even with closed borders, and would be cheaper with more imports **pg4]

  Article 102 Economic Supply policies: Government mandated but privately owned stockpiles ensure food supplies for 6 months in times of disruptions [State to hold food worth 6 months as reserves]

  Article 101 Foreign Economic Policy: Trade agreements with developing countries provide very limited concessions for agricultural products

  Food Sovereignty as a concept added to the Swiss Agricultural Law in 2013 [1]

   

  [1] http://www.nccr-trade.org/fileadmin/user_upload/nccr-trade.ch/wp5/NCCR_w...
• Existence of multiactor governing or decision making bodies for food policy at national, subnational and/or local level with diverse participation of civil society organizations

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  Ministry of Agriculture